优化了平衡,尤其对于向后倾倒的几种极限情况进行优化

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myperworld committed 2025-08-16 22:32:06 +08:00
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (c) 2024 Mu Shibo
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// 飞特STS3032舵机同步控制指令
#include "Servo_STS3032.h"
#include <stddef.h>
// 飞特串行舵机通信层协议程序
SCS::SCS()
{
Level = 1; // 除广播指令所有指令返回应答
Error = 0;
}
SCS::SCS(u8 End)
{
Level = 1;
this->End = End;
Error = 0;
}
SCS::SCS(u8 End, u8 Level)
{
this->Level = Level;
this->End = End;
Error = 0;
}
// 1个16位数拆分为2个8位数
// DataL为低位,DataH为高位
void SCS::Host2SCS(u8 *DataL, u8 *DataH, u16 Data)
{
if (End)
{
*DataL = (Data >> 8);
*DataH = (Data & 0xff);
}
else
{
*DataH = (Data >> 8);
*DataL = (Data & 0xff);
}
}
// 同步写指令
// 舵机ID[]数组,IDN数组长度,MemAddr内存表地址,写入数据,写入长度
void SCS::syncWrite(u8 ID[], u8 IDN, u8 MemAddr, u8 *nDat, u8 nLen)
{
rFlushSCS();
u8 mesLen = ((nLen + 1) * IDN + 4);
u8 Sum = 0;
u8 bBuf[7];
bBuf[0] = 0xff;
bBuf[1] = 0xff;
bBuf[2] = 0xfe;
bBuf[3] = mesLen;
bBuf[4] = INST_SYNC_WRITE;
bBuf[5] = MemAddr;
bBuf[6] = nLen;
writeSCS(bBuf, 7);
Sum = 0xfe + mesLen + INST_SYNC_WRITE + MemAddr + nLen;
u8 i, j;
for (i = 0; i < IDN; i++)
{
writeSCS(ID[i]);
writeSCS(nDat + i * nLen, nLen);
Sum += ID[i];
for (j = 0; j < nLen; j++)
{
Sum += nDat[i * nLen + j];
}
}
writeSCS(~Sum);
wFlushSCS();
}
// 飞特串行舵机硬件接口层程序
SCSerial::SCSerial()
{
IOTimeOut = 10;
pSerial = NULL;
}
SCSerial::SCSerial(u8 End) : SCS(End)
{
IOTimeOut = 10;
pSerial = NULL;
}
SCSerial::SCSerial(u8 End, u8 Level) : SCS(End, Level)
{
IOTimeOut = 10;
pSerial = NULL;
}
int SCSerial::writeSCS(unsigned char *nDat, int nLen)
{
if (nDat == NULL)
{
return 0;
}
return pSerial->write(nDat, nLen);
}
int SCSerial::writeSCS(unsigned char bDat)
{
return pSerial->write(&bDat, 1);
}
void SCSerial::rFlushSCS()
{
while (pSerial->read() != -1)
;
}
void SCSerial::wFlushSCS()
{
}
// 飞特SMS_STS系列串行舵机应用层程序
void SMS_STS::SyncWritePosEx(u8 ID[], u8 IDN, s16 Position[], u16 Speed[], u8 ACC[])
{
u8 offbuf[7 * IDN];
for (u8 i = 0; i < IDN; i++)
{
if (Position[i] < 0)
{
Position[i] = -Position[i];
Position[i] |= (1 << 15);
}
u16 V;
if (Speed)
{
V = Speed[i];
}
else
{
V = 0;
}
if (ACC)
{
offbuf[i * 7] = ACC[i];
}
else
{
offbuf[i * 7] = 0;
}
Host2SCS(offbuf + i * 7 + 1, offbuf + i * 7 + 2, Position[i]);
Host2SCS(offbuf + i * 7 + 3, offbuf + i * 7 + 4, 0);
Host2SCS(offbuf + i * 7 + 5, offbuf + i * 7 + 6, V);
}
syncWrite(ID, IDN, SMS_STS_ACC, offbuf, 7);
}
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (c) 2024 Mu Shibo
// Modify by Tommy 2025.8.11
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <esp_now.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#include "main.h"
/************实例定义*************/
// 电机实例
BLDCMotor motor1 = BLDCMotor(7);
BLDCMotor motor2 = BLDCMotor(7);
BLDCDriver3PWM driver1 = BLDCDriver3PWM(32, 33, 25, 22);
BLDCDriver3PWM driver2 = BLDCDriver3PWM(26, 27, 14, 12);
// 编码器实例
TwoWire I2Cone = TwoWire(0);
TwoWire I2Ctwo = TwoWire(1);
MagneticSensorI2C sensor1 = MagneticSensorI2C(AS5600_I2C);
MagneticSensorI2C sensor2 = MagneticSensorI2C(AS5600_I2C);
// PID控制器实例
PIDController pid_angle(1, 0, 0, 100000, 8); // pitch角度PID使其趋于零点
PIDController pid_gyro(0.06, 0, 0, 100000, 8); // 角速度PID使其趋于零点
PIDController pid_distance(0.5, 0, 0, 100000, 8);// 位移PID使其趋于零点
PIDController pid_speed(0.7, 0, 0, 100000, 8);// 速度PID使其趋于目标速度
PIDController pid_yaw_angle(1.0, 0, 0, 100000, 8);
PIDController pid_yaw_gyro(0.04, 0, 0, 100000, 8);
PIDController pid_lqr_u(1, 15, 0, 100000, 8);
PIDController pid_zeropoint(0.002, 0, 0, 100000, 4);
PIDController pid_roll_angle(8, 0, 0, 100000, 450);
// 低通滤波器实例
LowPassFilter lpf_joyy(0.2);
LowPassFilter lpf_zeropoint(0.1);
LowPassFilter lpf_roll(0.3);
// WebServer实例
WebServer webserver; // server服务器
WebSocketsServer websocket = WebSocketsServer(81); // 定义一个webSocket服务器来处理客户发送的消息
RobotProtocol rp(20);
// STS舵机实例
SMS_STS sms_sts;
// MPU6050实例
MPU6050 mpu6050(I2Ctwo);
/************参数定义*************/
#define pi 3.1415927
// 舵机位置限制参数
#define SERVO1_MIN 1900 // 舵机1最低 从小车正面看右手
#define SERVO1_MAX 2400 // 舵机1最高
#define SERVO2_MIN 2300 // 舵机2最低 从小车正面看左手(注意大小值与舵机1是相反的)
#define SERVO2_MAX 1800 // 舵机2最高
#define LEG_HEIGHT_BASE 32 // 腿部默认高度基准值
// LQR自平衡控制器参数
float LQR_angle = 0;
float LQR_gyro = 0;
float LQR_speed = 0;
float LQR_distance = 0;
float angle_control = 0;
float gyro_control = 0;
float speed_control = 0;
float distance_control = 0;
float LQR_u = 0;
float angle_zeropoint = 5; // 设定默认俯仰角度,向前到正,向后倒负
float distance_zeropoint = 1; // 轮部位移零点偏置
// YAW轴控制数据
float YAW_gyro = 0;
float YAW_angle = 0;
float YAW_angle_last = 0;
float YAW_angle_total = 0;
float YAW_angle_zero_point = -10;
float YAW_output = 0;
// 腿部舵机控制数据
byte ID[2];
s16 Position[2];
u16 Speed[2];
byte ACC[2];
// 逻辑处理标志位
float robot_speed = 0; // 记录当前轮部转速
float robot_speed_last = 0; // 记录上一时刻的轮部转速
int wrobot_move_stop_flag = 0; // 记录摇杆停止的标识
int jump_flag = 0; // 跳跃时段标识
float leg_position_add = 0; // roll轴平衡控制量
// 电压检测
uint16_t bat_check_num = 0;
int BAT_PIN = 35; // select the input pin for the ADC
static esp_adc_cal_characteristics_t adc_chars;
static const adc1_channel_t channel = ADC1_CHANNEL_7;
static const adc_bits_width_t width = ADC_WIDTH_BIT_12;
static const adc_atten_t atten = ADC_ATTEN_DB_11;
static const adc_unit_t unit = ADC_UNIT_1;
int loopCounter = 0; // loop函数执行计数
int resetToDefaultCounter = 0; // resetToDefault执行计数
// 电量显示LED
#define LED_BAT 13
// 定义摇杆数值死区参数
const int deadZone = 15;
typedef struct {
byte j1PotX; // 左摇杆X (0-255)
byte j1PotY; // 左摇杆Y (0-255)
byte j2PotX; // 右摇杆X (0-255)
byte j2PotY; // 右摇杆Y (0-255)
bool buttonR1; //底部右按键 1:true (默认),0:false
bool buttonR2; //底部左按键 1:true (默认),0:false
bool j1Button; //左摇杆按键 1:true (默认),0:false
bool j2Button; //右摇杆按键 1:true (默认),0:false
bool buttonLB; //顶部左按键 1:true (默认),0:false
bool buttonRB; //顶部右按键 1:true (默认),0:false
bool tSwitch1; //拨动开关 1:true (默认),0:false
byte roll; //用于M5StackCore2或未来增加的陀螺仪功能
byte pitch;
bool buttonR3;
} JoystickData;
JoystickData remoteData;
// 蓝灯爆闪
bool lastbuttonLB = false;
// ESP-NOW接收回调函数
void OnDataRecv(const uint8_t *mac, const uint8_t *incomingData, int len) {
memcpy(&remoteData, incomingData, sizeof(remoteData));
// 摇杆输出范围0-255,转换到 -100 到 100
// roll 左右摇摆
int convertedJ1PotX = (remoteData.j1PotX - 127.5) * (30.0 / 127.5); // 转到 -30 到 30
// 上下高度
int convertedJ1PotY = static_cast<int>((1 - remoteData.j1PotY / 255.0) * (60 - 0) + 0); // 转到 60 到 0 y轴取反,这样可以使机身下降
// 左右旋转
int convertedJ2PotX = (remoteData.j2PotX - 127.5) * (100.0 / 127.5); // 转到 -100 到 100
// 前后速度
int convertedJ2PotY = (remoteData.j2PotY - 127.5) * (100.0 / 127.5) * -1 * 1.4; // 转到 -100 到 100 y轴取反,并且放大洗漱
// 取反按钮值,使得默认显示 0 false,按下显示 1 true
int convertedbuttonLB = !remoteData.buttonLB; // 顶部左
int convertedbuttonRB = !remoteData.buttonRB; // 顶部右
// 跳跃
if (convertedbuttonRB) { // 1=true,0=false
wrobot.dir = 5; // 跳跃
}else{
wrobot.dir = 4; // 不跳跃
}
// led蓝灯爆闪
if (lastbuttonLB && !convertedbuttonLB) {
blinkLed(); // 不能写在loop中,会阻断legloop,小车会倒下
}
// 更新上次 lastbuttonRB 的值
lastbuttonLB = convertedbuttonLB;
if(abs(convertedJ1PotY) > deadZone) { // 上下高度 15 ~ 75
wrobot.height = convertedJ1PotY;
}else{
wrobot.height = 0;
}
if(abs(convertedJ1PotX) > deadZone) { // 左右摇摆 -30 ~ 30
wrobot.roll = convertedJ1PotX;
}else{
wrobot.roll = 0;
}
if(abs(convertedJ2PotY) > deadZone) { // 前后运动 -100 到 100
wrobot.joyy = convertedJ2PotY;
}else{
wrobot.joyy = 0;
}
if(abs(convertedJ2PotX) > deadZone) { // 左右运动 -100 到 100
wrobot.joyx = convertedJ2PotX;
} else {
wrobot.joyx = 0;
}
}
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(115200); // 通讯串口
Serial2.begin(1000000); // 腿部sts舵机
// Wifi初始化
WiFi_SetAP();
webserver.begin();
webserver.on("/", HTTP_GET, basicWebCallback);
websocket.begin();
websocket.onEvent(webSocketEventCallback);
// 初始化ESP-NOW
WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA); // 打开这行注释就能开启sta模式,同时默认关闭ap热点模式,省电+稳定,而且不会影响espnow通信和整体代码框架
if (esp_now_init() != ESP_OK) {
Serial.println("Error initializing ESP-NOW");
return;
}
esp_now_register_recv_cb(OnDataRecv);
// 舵机初始化
sms_sts.pSerial = &Serial2;
ID[0] = 1;
ID[1] = 2;
ACC[0] = 30;
ACC[1] = 30;
Speed[0] = 400;
Speed[1] = 400;
// Position[0] = 2048;
// Position[1] = 2048;
Position[0] = SERVO1_MIN;
Position[1] = SERVO2_MIN;
// 舵机(ID1/ID2)以最高速度V=2400步/秒,加速度A=50(50*100步/秒^2),运行至各自的Position位置
sms_sts.SyncWritePosEx(ID, 2, Position, Speed, ACC);
// 电压检测
adc_calibration_init();
adc1_config_width(width);
adc1_config_channel_atten(channel, atten);
esp_adc_cal_characterize(unit, atten, width, 0, &adc_chars);
// 电量显示LED
pinMode(LED_BAT, OUTPUT);
// 编码器设置
I2Cone.begin(19, 18, 400000UL);
I2Ctwo.begin(23, 5, 400000UL);
sensor1.init(&I2Cone);
sensor2.init(&I2Ctwo);
// mpu6050设置
mpu6050.begin();
mpu6050.calcGyroOffsets(true);
// 连接motor对象与编码器对象
motor1.linkSensor(&sensor1);
motor2.linkSensor(&sensor2);
// 速度环PID参数
motor1.PID_velocity.P = 0.05;
motor1.PID_velocity.I = 1;
motor1.PID_velocity.D = 0;
motor2.PID_velocity.P = 0.05;
motor2.PID_velocity.I = 1;
motor2.PID_velocity.D = 0;
// 驱动器设置
motor1.voltage_sensor_align = 6;
motor2.voltage_sensor_align = 6;
driver1.voltage_power_supply = 8;
driver2.voltage_power_supply = 8;
driver1.init();
driver2.init();
// 连接motor对象与驱动器对象
motor1.linkDriver(&driver1);
motor2.linkDriver(&driver2);
motor1.torque_controller = TorqueControlType::voltage; // 扭矩控制器类型为 "电压模式"
motor2.torque_controller = TorqueControlType::voltage;
motor1.controller = MotionControlType::torque; // 运动控制器类型为 "扭矩模式"
motor2.controller = MotionControlType::torque;
// monitor相关设置
motor1.useMonitoring(Serial);
motor2.useMonitoring(Serial);
// 电机初始化
motor1.init();
motor1.initFOC();
motor2.init();
motor2.initFOC();
resetToDefault(); // 重置到默认参数状态
delay(500);
}
void loop()
{
bat_check(); // 电压检测
web_loop(); // Web数据更新
mpu6050.update(); // IMU数据更新
lqr_balance_loop(); // lqr自平衡控制,更新LQR_u
yaw_loop(); // yaw轴转向控制,更新YAW_output
leg_loop(); // 腿部动作控制,控制舵机SyncWritePosEx,包括判断jump_loop
// 记录上一次的遥控数据数据
wrobot.dir_last = wrobot.dir;
wrobot.joyx_last = wrobot.joyx;
wrobot.joyy_last = wrobot.joyy;
/* 将自平衡计算输出转矩赋给电机
motor.target 负数小车向前转,正数小车向后转,
LQR_u 越大,电机输出的转矩越大,电机向后转,默认0-8V
LQR_u = angle_control + gyro_control + distance_control + speed_control
angle_control = pid_angle(LQR_angle - angle_zeropoint) //LQR_u与实际LQR_angle正相关
= pid_angle( mpu6050.getAngleY() - angle_zeropoint) //LQR_u与实际pitch正相关
gyro_control = pid_gyro(LQR_gyro) //LQR_u与实际LQR_gyro正相关
= pid_gyro( mpu6050.getGyroY() ) //LQR_u与实际pitch 角速度 正相关
所以这里LQR_distance和LQR_speed的计算乘以-0.5,不能单看负号
distance_control = pid_distance(LQR_distance - distance_zeropoint) //LQR_u与电LQR_distance正相关
= pid_distance( (-0.5)*(motor1.shaft_angle + motor2.shaft_angle) - distance_zeropoint)
//在平衡车中,通常设定电机向后转(使车前进)为负,所以LQR_u与电机实际shaft_angle角度正相关,和负号没关系
speed_control = pid_speed(LQR_speed - 0.1 * lpf_joyy(wrobot.joyy)) // 实际速度-目标速度
//LQR_speed代表实际速度,LQR_u与实际LQR_speed速度正相关
= pid_speed( (-0.5) * (motor1.shaft_velocity + motor2.shaft_velocity) - 0.1 * lpf_joyy(wrobot.joyy))
//LQR_u与实际shaft_velocity速度正相关
*/
motor1.target = (-0.5) * (LQR_u + YAW_output); // 负数小车向前,正数小车向后,取
motor2.target = (-0.5) * (LQR_u - YAW_output);
// 查看角度信息, 屁股向后倒 -33~-34度,舵机2048的时候-42度,头向前到底 75度,完全垂直88度
// Serial.println(LQR_angle);
// 检测小车是否向后马上要倒地了,在中间过程重置所有参数
loopCounter++;
// loopCounter作用:在期初的800次循环内视为电源开通后第一次自平衡,不能进入resetToDefault()函数重置参数
// resetToDefaultCounterz作用:防止小车倒地后某个角度,陷入循环,motor.target一直=0
if ((LQR_angle < -35.0f || LQR_angle > 70.0f )&& loopCounter > 800 && resetToDefaultCounter < 130) {
resetToDefault();
resetToDefaultCounter++;
motor1.target = 0;
motor2.target = 0;
// Serial.println("resetToDefault");
}
if( abs(LQR_angle) < 25.0f){
resetToDefaultCounter = 0;
}
// target目标电压 0~8V, 0为不转, 8为最大转速
// Serial.print("LQR_angle:");
// Serial.print(LQR_angle);
// Serial.print(",motor1.target:");
// Serial.print(motor1.target);
// Serial.print(",motor2.target:");
// Serial.println(motor2.target);
// 迭代计算FOC相电压
motor1.loopFOC();
motor2.loopFOC();
// 设置轮部电机输出
motor1.move();
motor2.move();
} // loop()
// lqr自平衡控制
void lqr_balance_loop()
{
// LQR_distance,LQR_speed,LQR_angle,LQR_gyro 通过编码器或者mpu实际测得
// angle_zeropoint,distance_zeropoint 角度零点和位置零点(在理想平衡状态下俯仰角度和位移目标值),用于和实际值做差,得到控制
// lqr 控制参数: angle_control , gyro_control , distance_control , speed_control
// LQR平衡算式,实际使用中为便于调参,讲算式分解为4个P控制,采用PIDController方法在commander中实时调试
// LQR_u = LQR_k1*(LQR_angle - angle_zeropoint)
// + LQR_k2*LQR_gyro
// + LQR_k3*(LQR_distance - distance_zeropoint)
// + LQR_k4*LQR_speed;
// 给负值是因为按照当前的电机接线,正转矩驱动小车电机向后转
// 编码器反馈shaft_angle角度,shaft_velocity速度
// 不操作前后移动,譬如刚开机,车轮不动的,shaft_angle和shaft_velocity 都是零
// 所以,不操作前后移动,LQR_distance 和 LQR_speed趋近于0,只有角度控制和角速度控制
// 在平衡车中,通常设定电机向后转(使车前进)为负,所以这里LQR_distance和LQR_speed的计算乘以-0.5
LQR_distance = (-0.5) * (motor1.shaft_angle + motor2.shaft_angle); // 两个电机的旋转角度(shaft_angle)(是位置量)的平均值
LQR_speed = (-0.5) * (motor1.shaft_velocity + motor2.shaft_velocity); // 两个电机角速度(shaft_velocity)的平均值,并取反
LQR_angle = (float)mpu6050.getAngleY(); // mpu6050 pitch 角度,向前倒正数,向后倒负数
LQR_gyro = (float)mpu6050.getGyroY(); // pitch Y轴角速度
// 计算pitch的角度和角速度的pid控制值
// 实际pitch角度与零点的差值,目标值是零
// 计算角度误差,并通过 PID 控制器得到角度控制量
angle_control = pid_angle(LQR_angle - angle_zeropoint);
// 实际pitch 角速度与目标值的差值,目标值是零
// 通过 PID 控制器对角速度进行处理,得到角速度控制量
gyro_control = pid_gyro(LQR_gyro);
// 运动细节优化处理
if (wrobot.joyy != 0) // 有前后方向运动指令时的处理
{
distance_zeropoint = LQR_distance; // 位移零点重置
pid_lqr_u.error_prev = 0; // 输出积分清零
}
// joyy=0,没有输出前后运动,但是小车可能被推动,运动指令复零时的原地停车处理
if ((wrobot.joyx_last != 0 && wrobot.joyx == 0) || (wrobot.joyy_last != 0 && wrobot.joyy == 0))
{
wrobot_move_stop_flag = 1;
}
if ((wrobot_move_stop_flag == 1) && (abs(LQR_speed) < 0.5))
{
distance_zeropoint = LQR_distance; // 位移零点重置
wrobot_move_stop_flag = 0;
}
if (abs(LQR_speed) > 15) // 被快速推动时的原地停车处理
{
distance_zeropoint = LQR_distance; // 位移零点重置
}
// 计算pitch的角度和角速度的pid控制值
// 电机转轴角度平均数(上面计算)-位移零点=实际位移与零点的差值, 目标值是零
// 计算位移误差,并通过位移 PID 控制器得到位移控制量
distance_control = pid_distance(LQR_distance - distance_zeropoint);
// 电机转速平均数(上面计算)-速度目标值=实际转速与目标值的差值, 目标值是零
// 计算速度误差(实际速度减去经过低通滤波和缩放后的遥控器期望速度),并通过速度 PID 控制器得到速度控制量
speed_control = pid_speed(LQR_speed - 0.1 * lpf_joyy(wrobot.joyy));
// 轮部离地检测, 连续记录两次的轮部转速
robot_speed_last = robot_speed; // 记录连续两次的轮部转速
robot_speed = LQR_speed;
// 若轮部角速度、角加速度"过大"( > 10或> 50),或处于跳跃后的恢复时期(jump_flag != 0),认为出现轮部离地现象,需要特殊处理
// 轮部离地情况下 LQR_u计算:2个参数,角度控制量+角速度控制量,对轮位移(distance)和速度(speed)控制分量不输出;反之,正常状态下完整输出平衡转矩
if (abs(robot_speed - robot_speed_last) > 10 || abs(robot_speed) > 50 || (jump_flag != 0))
{
distance_zeropoint = LQR_distance; // 位移零点重置
LQR_u = angle_control + gyro_control; // 位移和速度控制分量被忽略
pid_lqr_u.error_prev = 0; // 输出积分清零
}
else // 当轮部未离地时,LQR_u:4个参数
{
// 当轮部未离地时,LQR_u 包含:角度控制量、角速度控制量、位移控制量和速度控制量,以实现完整的自平衡控制
LQR_u = angle_control + gyro_control + distance_control + speed_control;
// 计算得到LQR_u在loop()函数中在几个子loop执行完,被motor1和motor2执行
}
// 小车没有控制的时候自稳定状态
// 控制量lqr_u<5,控制量小, 遥控器无信号输入joyy=0,轮部位移控制正常介入distance_control<4,不处于跳跃后的恢复时期jump_flag=0
if (abs(LQR_u) < 5 && wrobot.joyy == 0 && abs(distance_control) < 4 && (jump_flag == 0))
{
LQR_u = pid_lqr_u(LQR_u); // 小转矩非线性补偿
// Serial.println(LQR_u);
// lpf_zeropoint 是一个低通滤波器,对 distance_control 进行滤波处理,减少高频噪声的影响。
// 然后,将滤波后的 distance_control 作为输入,通过 pid_zeropoint 控制器进行进一步处理。
// angle_zeropoint -= ...:将计算得到的调整量从 angle_zeropoint 中减去,实现重心自适应调整。
// angle_zeropoint 是预设的角度零点,调整它可以让小车更好地适应不同的重心位置。
angle_zeropoint -= pid_zeropoint(lpf_zeropoint(distance_control)); // 重心自适应
}
else
{
pid_lqr_u.error_prev = 0; // 输出积分清零
}
// 平衡控制参数自适应
if (wrobot.height < 50)
{
pid_speed.P = 0.7;
}
else if (wrobot.height < 64)
{
pid_speed.P = 0.6;
}
else
{
pid_speed.P = 0.5;
}
}
// 腿部动作控制(舵机)
void leg_loop()
{
// 倒地时强制腿部收缩
if (LQR_angle < -30.0f || LQR_angle > 45.0f)
{
Position[0] = SERVO1_MIN;
Position[1] = SERVO2_MIN;
sms_sts.SyncWritePosEx(ID, 2, Position, Speed, ACC);
return; // 跳过后续控制
}
jump_loop();
if (jump_flag == 0) // 不处于跳跃状态
{
// 舵机加速度
ACC[0] = 8;
ACC[1] = 8;
// 舵机速度
Speed[0] = 300;
Speed[1] = 300;
float roll_angle = (float)mpu6050.getAngleX() + 2.0;
leg_position_add = pid_roll_angle(lpf_roll(roll_angle));
int roll_offset = wrobot.roll;
int left_height, right_height;
// Serial.print("roll_offset: ");
// Serial.println(roll_offset);
// 如果控制了 roll 角度,则调整左右脚的高度
// 计算三角函数值
float angleRad = abs(roll_offset) * (pi / 180.0); // 将角度转换为弧度
float heightAdjust = 30 * sin(angleRad); // 小车宽度的一半是30毫米,抬高的高度是30毫米*sin(弧度)
float RollOffset = 18; // 所以水平高度需要加上调整高度,否则向下倾斜无法向下了
if (roll_offset > 10) {
// 正数,左脚高度 60,右脚高度 40
// 因为车身高度最小32,所以水平高度需要加上调整高度15,否则线下倾斜无法向下了
left_height = wrobot.height + RollOffset + heightAdjust;
right_height = wrobot.height + RollOffset - heightAdjust;
leg_position_add = 0; // 不使用roll角度 pid计算
} else if (roll_offset < -10) {
// 负数,左脚高度 40,右脚高度 60
left_height = wrobot.height + RollOffset - heightAdjust;
right_height = wrobot.height + RollOffset + heightAdjust;
leg_position_add = 0;
} else { // 未控制 roll 角度
// roll 为 0,左右恢复到同一高度
left_height = wrobot.height;
right_height = wrobot.height;
// 没有人为控制roll角度,leg_position_add根据mpu6050 roll值 进行pid计算得到,以保持小车机身平稳
// 但如果小车倒地,则不需要keep roll角度,否则小车倒在地上,1个脚长,1个脚短,很难看
if (abs(LQR_angle) > 25.0f)
{
leg_position_add = 0;
}
}
// 根据新的高度计算舵机位置
// id 1 [0] 正面看右手,id 2 正面看左手 [1]
// 舵机id 1:1900(机身最矮) 2400(机身最高)2400-1900=500
// 舵机id 2:2300(机身最矮) 1800(机身最高)2300-1800=500
// 2048是舵机中间位置,12是微调偏移量,8.4是系数,32是默认高度,最高80,最低32
// const int LEG_HEIGHT_BASE = 32; // 这值越小,机身越高,实测范围 0(最高)-52(最低)
Position[0] = 2048 + 12 + 8.4 * (left_height - LEG_HEIGHT_BASE) - leg_position_add;
Position[1] = 2048 - 12 - 8.4 * (right_height - LEG_HEIGHT_BASE) - leg_position_add;
// 限制舵机位置范围
if (Position[0] < SERVO1_MIN) // 舵机1最低
Position[0] = SERVO1_MIN;
else if (Position[0] > SERVO1_MAX) // 舵机1最高
Position[0] = SERVO1_MAX;
if (Position[1] > SERVO2_MIN) // 舵机2最低(和舵机1方向是反的)
Position[1] = SERVO2_MIN;
else if (Position[1] < SERVO2_MAX) // 舵机2最高
Position[1] = SERVO2_MAX;
sms_sts.SyncWritePosEx(ID, 2, Position, Speed, ACC);
}
}
// 跳跃控制
void jump_loop()
{ // dir: 4 = STOP, 5 = jump 上次动作是跳跃5,本次是停止4,才开始跳,因为可能连续发送了很多5跳跃指令,只执行最后一次
// 跳跃,腿部以最快速度伸到最长
if ((wrobot.dir_last == 5) && (wrobot.dir == 4) && (jump_flag == 0))
{
// 设定最大正向电压(快速加速)
// motor1.target = -8.0f;
// motor2.target = -8.0f;
// motor1.loopFOC();
// motor2.loopFOC();
// motor1.move();
// motor2.move();
// delay(50); // 缩短加速时间(50ms足够获得初速度)
// 跳跃开始
ACC[0] = 0;
ACC[1] = 0;
Speed[0] = 0;
Speed[1] = 0;
Position[0] = SERVO1_MAX;
Position[1] = SERVO2_MAX;
sms_sts.SyncWritePosEx(ID, 2, Position, Speed, ACC);
jump_flag = 1;
}
if (jump_flag > 0) // 跳跃中,腿部缩起来,等待30帧,对应上面设置 jump_flag = 1;
{
jump_flag++;
// if (jump_flag == 25) { // 跳跃上升阶段停止轮子转动
// motor1.target = 0;
// motor2.target = 0;
// }
if ((jump_flag > 30) && (jump_flag < 35))
{
ACC[0] = 0;
ACC[1] = 0;
Speed[0] = 0;
Speed[1] = 0;
Position[0] = 2048 + 12 + 8.4 * (35 - 32); // 降低腿部高度,即车重心
Position[1] = 2048 - 12 - 8.4 * (35 - 32);
sms_sts.SyncWritePosEx(ID, 2, Position, Speed, ACC);
jump_flag = 40;
}
if (jump_flag > 200)
{
jump_flag = 0; // 跳跃过程结束
}
}
}
// yaw轴转向控制 (转向控制)
void yaw_loop()
{
// YAW_output = 0.03*(YAW_Kp*YAW_angle_total + YAW_Kd*YAW_gyro);
yaw_angle_addup();
YAW_angle_total += wrobot.joyx * 0.01; // 0.002
float yaw_angle_control = pid_yaw_angle(YAW_angle_total);
float yaw_gyro_control = pid_yaw_gyro(YAW_gyro);
// yaw 轴的角度和角速度数据进行了 PID 控制,得到 yaw_angle_control 和 yaw_gyro_control。
// 然后,将这两个控制量相加,得到最终的 YAW_output。
YAW_output = yaw_angle_control + yaw_gyro_control;
}
// Web数据更新
void web_loop()
{
webserver.handleClient();
websocket.loop();
rp.spinOnce(); // 更新web端回传的控制信息
}
// yaw轴角度累加函数
void yaw_angle_addup()
{
YAW_angle = (float)mpu6050.getAngleZ();
YAW_gyro = (float)mpu6050.getGyroZ();
if (YAW_angle_zero_point == (-10))
{
YAW_angle_zero_point = YAW_angle;
}
float yaw_angle_1, yaw_angle_2, yaw_addup_angle;
if (YAW_angle > YAW_angle_last)
{
yaw_angle_1 = YAW_angle - YAW_angle_last;
yaw_angle_2 = YAW_angle - YAW_angle_last - 2 * PI;
}
else
{
yaw_angle_1 = YAW_angle - YAW_angle_last;
yaw_angle_2 = YAW_angle - YAW_angle_last + 2 * PI;
}
if (abs(yaw_angle_1) > abs(yaw_angle_2))
{
yaw_addup_angle = yaw_angle_2;
}
else
{
yaw_addup_angle = yaw_angle_1;
}
YAW_angle_total = YAW_angle_total + yaw_addup_angle;
YAW_angle_last = YAW_angle;
}
void basicWebCallback(void)
{
webserver.send(300, "text/html", basic_web);
}
void webSocketEventCallback(uint8_t num, WStype_t type, uint8_t *payload, size_t length)
{
if (type == WStype_TEXT)
{
String payload_str = String((char *)payload);
StaticJsonDocument<300> doc;
DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(doc, payload_str);
String mode_str = doc["mode"];
if (mode_str == "basic")
{
rp.parseBasic(doc);
}
}
}
// 电压检测初始化
void adc_calibration_init()
{
if (esp_adc_cal_check_efuse(ESP_ADC_CAL_VAL_EFUSE_TP) == ESP_OK)
{
printf("eFuse Two Point: Supported\n");
}
else
{
printf("eFuse Two Point: NOT supported\n");
}
// Check Vref is burned into eFuse
if (esp_adc_cal_check_efuse(ESP_ADC_CAL_VAL_EFUSE_VREF) == ESP_OK)
{
printf("eFuse Vref: Supported\n");
}
else
{
printf("eFuse Vref: NOT supported\n");
}
}
// 电压检测
void bat_check()
{
if (bat_check_num > 1000)
{
// 电压读取
uint32_t sum = 0;
sum = analogRead(BAT_PIN);
uint32_t voltage = esp_adc_cal_raw_to_voltage(sum, &adc_chars);
double battery = (voltage * 3.97) / 1000.0;
// Serial.println(battery);
// 电量显示
if (battery > 7.8)
digitalWrite(LED_BAT, HIGH);
else
digitalWrite(LED_BAT, LOW);
bat_check_num = 0;
}
else
bat_check_num++;
}
// LED闪烁函数(不要用for,会阻塞其他程序)
void blinkLed() {
digitalWrite(LED_BAT, HIGH);
delay(200);
digitalWrite(LED_BAT, LOW);
delay(200);
digitalWrite(LED_BAT, HIGH);
delay(200);
digitalWrite(LED_BAT, LOW);
delay(200);
}
// 重置到默认参数状态,用于自平衡起立
void resetToDefault() {
// LQR自平衡控制器参数
LQR_angle = 0;
LQR_gyro = 0;
angle_control = 0;
gyro_control = 0;
angle_zeropoint = 5;
LQR_speed = 0;
LQR_distance = 0;
speed_control = 0;
distance_control = 0;
distance_zeropoint = 1;
LQR_u = 0;
// YAW轴控制数据
YAW_gyro = 0;
YAW_angle = 0;
YAW_angle_last = 0;
YAW_angle_total = 0;
YAW_angle_zero_point = -10;
YAW_output = 0;
// 逻辑处理标志位
robot_speed = 0;
robot_speed_last = 0;
wrobot_move_stop_flag = 0;
jump_flag = 0;
leg_position_add = 0;
pid_lqr_u.error_prev = 0;
}
+173
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// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (c) 2024 Mu Shibo
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
// THE SOFTWARE.
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include "robot.h"
Wrobot wrobot;
RobotProtocol::RobotProtocol(uint8_t len)
{
_len = len;
_now_buf = new uint8_t[_len];
_old_buf = new uint8_t[_len];
for (int i = 0; i < _len; i++)
{
_now_buf[i] = 0;
}
_now_buf[0] = 0xAA;
_now_buf[1] = 0x55;
}
RobotProtocol::~RobotProtocol()
{
delete[] _now_buf;
delete[] _old_buf;
}
void RobotProtocol::spinOnce(void)
{
int flag = checkBufRefresh(); // 对比 _now_buf 和 _old_buf,若有更新,函数返回 1;若无更新,返回 0
if (flag)
{
// UART_WriteBuf(); //这个会将web端的控制信息转成串口协议发出
// Serial.println(wrobot.dir);//测试数据获取
// Serial.println("date have send\n");
// Serial.printf("height:%d\n", wrobot.height);
// Serial.printf("roll:%d\n", wrobot.roll);
// Serial.printf("linear:%d\n", wrobot.linear);
// Serial.printf("\n");
// Serial.printf("joy_X:%d\n", wrobot.joyx);
// Serial.printf("joy_Y:%d\n", wrobot.joyy);
}
}
/**************如下同时用于串口输出控制协议***************/
void RobotProtocol::UART_WriteBuf(void)
{
for (int i = 0; i < _len; i++)
{
Serial.write(_now_buf[i]);
}
}
int RobotProtocol::checkBufRefresh(void)
{
int ret = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < _len; i++)
{
if (_now_buf[i] != _old_buf[i])
{
ret = 1;
break;
}
else
{
ret = 0;
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < _len; i++)
{
_old_buf[i] = _now_buf[i];
}
return ret;
}
void RobotProtocol::parseBasic(StaticJsonDocument<300> &doc)
{
_now_buf[2] = BASIC;
String dir = doc["dir"];
if (dir == "stop")
{
_now_buf[3] = STOP;
wrobot.dir = STOP;
}
else
{
if (dir == "jump")
{
_now_buf[3] = JUMP;
wrobot.dir = JUMP;
}
else
{
_now_buf[3] = STOP;
wrobot.dir = STOP;
}
}
int height = doc["height"];
_now_buf[4] = height;
wrobot.height = height;
int roll = doc["roll"];
wrobot.roll = roll;
if (roll >= 0)
{
_now_buf[5] = 0;
}
else
{
_now_buf[5] = 1;
}
_now_buf[6] = abs(roll);
int stable = doc["stable"];
wrobot.go = stable;
if (stable)
{
_now_buf[11] = 1;
}
else
{
_now_buf[11] = 0;
}
int joy_x = doc["joy_x"];
wrobot.joyx = joy_x;
if (joy_x >= 0)
{
_now_buf[12] = 0;
}
else
{
_now_buf[12] = 1;
}
_now_buf[13] = abs(joy_x);
int joy_y = doc["joy_y"];
wrobot.joyy = joy_y;
if (joy_y >= 0)
{
_now_buf[14] = 0;
}
else
{
_now_buf[14] = 1;
}
_now_buf[15] = abs(joy_y);
}
+31
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#include "wifi_config.h"
// 配置AP(热点)模式相关参数
const char *AP_SSID = "WLROBOT-TD";
const char *AP_PSW = "wlrobot123";
IPAddress AP_IP(192, 168, 1, 11);
IPAddress AP_GATEWAY(192, 168, 1, 11);
IPAddress AP_SUBNET(255, 255, 255, 0);
void WiFi_SetAP(void)
{
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAPConfig(AP_IP, AP_GATEWAY, AP_SUBNET);
WiFi.softAP(AP_SSID, AP_PSW);
// 启动 AP 并添加调试信息
// if(WiFi.softAP(AP_SSID, AP_PSW)) {
// Serial.println("AP Created Successfully!");
// Serial.print("SSID: ");
// Serial.println(AP_SSID);
// Serial.print("IP Address: ");
// Serial.println(WiFi.softAPIP());
// Serial.print("MAC Address: ");
// Serial.println(WiFi.softAPmacAddress());
// } else {
// Serial.println("AP Creation Failed!");
// }
}