/* --------------------------------- Copyright (c) 2024 Mu Shibo Modify by Tommy 2025.10.08 ------------------------------------- */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "esp_wifi.h" #include "esp_adc_cal.h" /************函数申明*************/ // 电压检测函数 void adc_calibration_init(); void bat_check(); // 平衡算法函数 void lqr_balance_loop(); void yaw_loop(); void leg_loop(); void jump_loop(); void resetZeroPoint(); void jump_charge(); // 腿部弯曲(蓄能) // RGB相关函数 void handleLEDBlink(); /************实例定义*************/ // 电机实例 BLDCMotor motor1 = BLDCMotor(7); BLDCMotor motor2 = BLDCMotor(7); BLDCDriver3PWM driver1 = BLDCDriver3PWM(32, 33, 25, 22); BLDCDriver3PWM driver2 = BLDCDriver3PWM(26, 27, 14, 12); // 编码器实例 TwoWire I2Cone = TwoWire(0); TwoWire I2Ctwo = TwoWire(1); MagneticSensorI2C sensor1 = MagneticSensorI2C(AS5600_I2C); MagneticSensorI2C sensor2 = MagneticSensorI2C(AS5600_I2C); // PID控制器实例 PIDController pid_angle(1, 0, 0, 100000, 8); // 比例系数(P), 积分系数(I), 微分系数(D), 积分限幅(当I=0,无效), 输出限幅(8V防止电机过载) PIDController pid_gyro(0.06, 0, 0, 100000, 8); PIDController pid_distance(0.5, 0, 0, 100000, 8); PIDController pid_speed(0.7, 0, 0, 100000, 8); PIDController pid_yaw_angle(1.0, 0, 0, 100000, 8); PIDController pid_yaw_gyro(0.04, 0, 0, 100000, 8); PIDController pid_lqr_u(1, 15, 0, 100000, 8); PIDController pid_zeropoint(0.002, 0, 0, 100000, 4); PIDController pid_roll_angle(8, 0, 0, 100000, 450); // 低通滤波器实例 LowPassFilter lpf_joyy(0.2); // 新输入值占输出值的10%,历史值占90% LowPassFilter lpf_zeropoint(0.1); LowPassFilter lpf_roll(0.3); LowPassFilter lpf_height(0.1); // STS舵机实例 SMS_STS sms_sts; // MPU6050实例 MPU6050 mpu6050(I2Ctwo); // FastLED配置 #define RGB_PIN 21 #define NUM_LEDS 2 CRGB leds[NUM_LEDS]; unsigned long previousBlinkMillis = 0; int blinkState = 0; int blinkCount = 0; bool isBlinking = false; CRGB blinkColors[6] = {CRGB::Red, CRGB::Red, CRGB::Yellow, CRGB::Yellow, CRGB::Green, CRGB::Green}; /************参数定义*************/ #define pi 3.1415927 // 机身平衡角度调整 roll轴 float roll_adjust = 0.0f; const int ROLL_ADJUST_MIN = -60; const int ROLL_ADJUST_MAX = 60; // 舵机位置限制参数 float leg_height_base = 20.0f; // 改为全局变量,初始值20 腿部默认高度基准值,值越小,机身越高, 实测范围 -10(最高),52(最低) const int LEG_HEIGHT_MIN = -50; // 最小高度限制(根据机械结构调整) const int LEG_HEIGHT_MAX = 50; // 最大高度限制(防止腿部过度伸展) #define SERVO0_MIN 2047 // 舵机1最低位置,大腿与小腿碰到一起, 从小车正面看右手边舵机 #define SERVO1_MIN 2047 // 舵机2最低位置,大腿与小腿碰到一起, 从小车正面看左手边舵机 #define SERVO0_MAX (2047 + 12 + 8.4 * (35 + 10)) // 2438 舵机1最高 #define SERVO1_MAX (2047 - 12 - 8.4 * (35 + 10)) // 1658 舵机2最高 float leg_position_add = 0; // roll轴平衡控制量 int left_height; int right_height; float LegHeightDiff = 0; // 左右腿高度差 // 舵机运动参数 byte ID[2] = {1, 2}; s16 Position[2]; u16 Speed[2]; byte ACC[2]; // 腿部高度逻辑 // #define LEG_HEIGHT_BASE 20 # 固定值 // float LegHeightDiff ; # 根据前后转向运动时,智能计算两腿高度差 // left_height,right_height = wrobot.height + LegHeightDiff # 根据前后左右智能计算两腿高度差 // leg_position_add = pid_roll_angle(lpf_roll(roll_angle)); 根据roll自动计算 // Position[0] 2047 + 12 + 8.4 * (left_height - LEG_HEIGHT_BASE) - leg_position_add; // Position[1] 2047 - 12 - 8.4 * (right_height - LEG_HEIGHT_BASE) - leg_position_add; // Position 2047 - 12 - 8.4 * (right_height - LEG_HEIGHT_BASE) - leg_position_add; // Position 2047 - 12 - 8.4 * (wrobot.height + LegHeightDiff - LEG_HEIGHT_BASE) - pid_roll_angle(lpf_roll(roll_angle)); // 遥控器 两腿高度差 固定值 roll轴平衡控制量 // LQR自平衡控制器参数 float LQR_angle = 0; float LQR_gyro = 0; float LQR_gyroZ = 0; float LQR_speed = 0; float LQR_distance = 0; float angle_control = 0; float gyro_control = 0; float speed_control = 0; float distance_control = 0; float LQR_u = 0; float angle_zeropoint = 8; // 5 设定默认俯仰角度,向前到正,向后倒负 float original_angle_zeropoint = 8; // 保存原始的角度零点 float distance_zeropoint = 0.5f; // 轮部位移零点偏置 // YAW轴控制数据 float YAW_gyro = 0; float YAW_angle = 0; float YAW_angle_last = 0; float YAW_angle_total = 0; float YAW_angle_zero_point = -10; float YAW_output = 0; // 记录轮部转速,用于判断跳跃状态 unsigned long last_speed_record_time = 0; // 上次记录转速的时间 const unsigned long SPEED_RECORD_INTERVAL = 100; // 转速记录间隔(毫秒) ,因为时间相隔太近速度差不明显的 float last_lqr_speed = 0; // 记录上一时刻的轮部转速 float robot_speed_diff = 0; // 速度差 int jump_flag = 0; // 跳跃过程计数 int jump_pre_flag = 0; // 跳跃前蓄能计数 int wheel_ground_flag = 1; // 轮子是否离地标记 默认着地 // 电压检测 #define LED_BAT 13 uint16_t bat_check_num = 0; int BAT_PIN = 35; // select the input pin for the ADC static esp_adc_cal_characteristics_t adc_chars; static const adc1_channel_t channel = ADC1_CHANNEL_7; static const adc_bits_width_t width = ADC_WIDTH_BIT_12; static const adc_atten_t atten = ADC_ATTEN_DB_12; static const adc_unit_t unit = ADC_UNIT_1; // 倒地起来辅助计数 int loopCounter = 0; // loop函数执行计数 int resetToDefaultCounter = 0; // resetToDefault执行计数 // 小车状态控制 bool robot_enabled = true; // 小车使能状态,true为起立状态,false为坐下状态 bool last_robot_enabled = true; // 记录上一次的小车状态 int sitting_down = 0; // 标记是否正在执行坐下动作 typedef struct { int height = 30; int roll; int jump = 0; // 0 =不跳跃 1= 跳跃 int joyy; int joyy_last; int joyx; int joyx_last; } Wrobot; Wrobot wrobot; typedef struct { // 4个摇杆轴(模拟值:-100 到 100 ) int joyLeftX; // 左摇杆X轴(左-右,0-940 ,中心默认:423 ) int joyLeftY; // 左摇杆Y轴(上-下,940-0 ,中心默认:425 ) int joyRightX; // 右摇杆X轴(左-右,0-960:中心默认:487 ) int joyRightY; // 右摇杆Y轴(上-下,1080-0,中心默认:525 ) bool btnJoyLeft; // 左摇杆按压键 1=按下,0=未按下 bool btnJoyRight; // 右摇杆按压键 bool btnStart; // Start键 bool btnBack; // Back键 bool btnUp; // 方向上键 bool btnDown; // 方向下键 bool btnLeft; // 方向左键 bool btnRight; // 方向右键 bool btnA; // A键 bool btnB; // B键 bool btnX; // X键 bool btnY; // Y键 } JoystickData; JoystickData remoteData; const int deadZone = 10; bool last_btnJoyRight = 0; // ESP-NOW接收回调函数 void OnDataRecv(const uint8_t *mac, const uint8_t *incomingData, int len) { memcpy(&remoteData, incomingData, sizeof(remoteData)); // rgb led 上键 闪烁6次:红红黄黄绿绿 if(remoteData.btnUp && !isBlinking){ isBlinking = true; blinkCount = 0; blinkState = 0; previousBlinkMillis = millis(); } // 坐下 back键 if (remoteData.btnBack && robot_enabled) { robot_enabled = false; sitting_down = 1; // 标记开始坐下动作保存当前的角度零点 } // 起立 start键 if (remoteData.btnStart && !robot_enabled) { robot_enabled = true; sitting_down = 0; // 清除坐下动作标记 } // 修改后代码(保留摇杆指令,仅禁止起升/跳跃) if (!robot_enabled || sitting_down) { wrobot.jump = 0; // 禁止跳跃 wrobot.roll = 0; // 禁止左右摇摆(起升相关) wrobot.height = 0; // 禁止高度调整(起升相关) } // 跳跃状态不接受指令 if( jump_flag > 0){ wrobot.jump = 0; // 强制设为“不跳跃” wrobot.joyx = 0; // 清空左右转向指令 wrobot.joyy = 0; // 清空前后移动指令 wrobot.roll = 0; // 清空左右摇摆指令 return; } // 4个摇杆轴 输出范围 // int joyLeftX; // 左-右,0-930(有偏移,实际范围0-900) ,映射到 -100 到 100,中心默认:0 // int joyLeftY; // 上-下,940-0 ,中心默认:425,映射到 60 到 0,中心默认:30 // int joyRightX; // 左-右,0-960:中心默认:487,中心默认:423 ,映射到 -30 到 30,中心默认:0 // int joyRightY; // 上-下,1080-0,中心默认:525,映射到 100 到 -100,中心默认:0 // 左右 左摇杆X轴:先映射到-100~100,再按比例放大到-100~100 int convertedJ1PotX = constrain( map(remoteData.joyLeftX, 0, 900, -100, 100), -100, 100 ); // 上下 左摇杆Y轴:原始940-0 → 目标60到0 int convertedJ1PotY = constrain( map(remoteData.joyLeftY, 940, 0, 60, 0), // 原始范围是940-0,目标0-60 0, 60 ); // 摇摆 右摇杆X轴:原始0-960 → 目标-100到100 int convertedJ2PotX = constrain( map(remoteData.joyRightX, 0, 960, -30, 30) * (100.0/30), // 先映射到-30~30,再按比例放大到-100~100 -100, 100 ); // 前后 右摇杆Y轴:原始1080-0 → 目标100到-100 int convertedJ2PotY = constrain( map(remoteData.joyRightY, 1080, 0, 100, -100), // 原始1080-0,目标100~-100 -100, 100 ); // 跳跃 右摇杆按键 if (remoteData.btnJoyRight && !last_btnJoyRight) { // 1=true,0=false wrobot.jump = 1; // 跳跃 }else{ wrobot.jump = 0; // 不跳跃 } last_btnJoyRight = remoteData.btnJoyRight; if(abs(convertedJ2PotY) > deadZone) { // 前后运动 -100 到 100 wrobot.joyy = convertedJ2PotY; }else{ wrobot.joyy = 0; } if(abs(convertedJ1PotX) > deadZone) { // 左右运动 -100 到 100 wrobot.joyx = convertedJ1PotX; } else { wrobot.joyx = 0; } // if(abs(convertedJ1PotY) > deadZone) { // wrobot.height = convertedJ1PotY; // }else{ // wrobot.height = 0; // } // 根据前后速度,智能计算wrobot.height // convertedJ2PotY 范围-100到100,默认0,输出范围20-50,默认 30 // 反向映射:绝对值30→50,绝对值100→0(线性过渡) wrobot.height = map( abs(convertedJ2PotY), 0, 100, 50, 30); // 强制约束输出在0~60范围内(防止异常值) wrobot.height = constrain(wrobot.height, 30, 50); wrobot.height = lpf_height(wrobot.height); // if(abs(convertedJ2PotX) > deadZone) { // wrobot.roll = convertedJ2PotX; // }else{ // wrobot.roll = 0; // } // 上键(增加leg_height_base) if (remoteData.btnUp) { // 按键从松开→按下(上升沿) leg_height_base -= 10.0f; // 每次增加1(步长可调整) leg_height_base = constrain(leg_height_base, LEG_HEIGHT_MIN, LEG_HEIGHT_MAX); // 限制范围 } // 下键(减少leg_height_base) if (remoteData.btnDown) { // 按键从松开→按下(上升沿) leg_height_base += 10.0f; // 每次减少1(步长可调整) leg_height_base = constrain(leg_height_base, LEG_HEIGHT_MIN, LEG_HEIGHT_MAX); // 限制范围 } // 左键(增加roll_adjust) if (remoteData.btnLeft) { roll_adjust -= 10.0f; roll_adjust = constrain(roll_adjust, ROLL_ADJUST_MIN, ROLL_ADJUST_MAX); // 限制范围 } // 右键(减少roll_adjust) if (remoteData.btnRight) { roll_adjust += 10.0f; roll_adjust = constrain(roll_adjust, ROLL_ADJUST_MIN, ROLL_ADJUST_MAX); // 限制范围 } // 重置 leg_height_base 和 roll_adjust if (remoteData.btnJoyLeft) { // 1=true,0=false roll_adjust = 0.0f; // 重置roll_adjust leg_height_base = 20.0f; // 重置leg_height_base } } void setup() { Serial.begin(115200); // 通讯串口 Serial2.begin(1000000); // 腿部sts舵机 // 设置WiFi通道为6,为了适配遥控器模式 WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA); // 设置为STA模式 esp_wifi_set_channel(6, WIFI_SECOND_CHAN_NONE); // 初始化ESP-NOW if (esp_now_init() != ESP_OK) { Serial.println("Error initializing ESP-NOW"); return; } esp_now_register_recv_cb(OnDataRecv); // 舵机初始化 sms_sts.pSerial = &Serial2; ID[0] = 1; ID[1] = 2; ACC[0] = 30; ACC[1] = 30; Speed[0] = 400; Speed[1] = 400; Position[0] = SERVO0_MIN; Position[1] = SERVO1_MIN; // 舵机(ID1/ID2)以速度V=2400步/秒,加速度A=50(50*100步/秒^2),运行至各自的Position位置 sms_sts.SyncWritePosEx(ID, 2, Position, Speed, ACC); // 电压检测 adc_calibration_init(); adc1_config_width(width); adc1_config_channel_atten(channel, atten); esp_adc_cal_characterize(unit, atten, width, 0, &adc_chars); // 电量显示LED pinMode(LED_BAT, OUTPUT); // 编码器设置 I2Cone.begin(19, 18, 400000UL); I2Ctwo.begin(23, 5, 400000UL); sensor1.init(&I2Cone); sensor2.init(&I2Ctwo); // mpu6050设置 mpu6050.begin(); mpu6050.calcGyroOffsets(true); // 连接motor对象与编码器对象 motor1.linkSensor(&sensor1); motor2.linkSensor(&sensor2); // 速度环PID参数 motor1.PID_velocity.P = 0.05; motor1.PID_velocity.I = 1; motor1.PID_velocity.D = 0; motor2.PID_velocity.P = 0.05; motor2.PID_velocity.I = 1; motor2.PID_velocity.D = 0; // 驱动器设置 motor1.voltage_sensor_align = 6; motor2.voltage_sensor_align = 6; driver1.voltage_power_supply = 8; driver2.voltage_power_supply = 8; driver1.init(); driver2.init(); // 连接motor对象与驱动器对象 motor1.linkDriver(&driver1); motor2.linkDriver(&driver2); motor1.torque_controller = TorqueControlType::voltage; // 扭矩控制器类型为 "电压模式" motor2.torque_controller = TorqueControlType::voltage; motor1.controller = MotionControlType::torque; // 运动控制器类型为 "扭矩模式" motor2.controller = MotionControlType::torque; // monitor相关设置 motor1.useMonitoring(Serial); motor2.useMonitoring(Serial); // 电机初始化 motor1.init(); motor1.initFOC(); motor2.init(); motor2.initFOC(); // FastLED初始化 FastLED.addLeds(leds, NUM_LEDS); FastLED.setBrightness(50); // 设置亮度 fill_solid(leds, NUM_LEDS, CRGB::Black); // 初始化为熄灭 FastLED.show(); delay(500); } void loop() { // 处理LED闪烁 // handleLEDBlink(); bat_check(); // 电压检测 delayMicroseconds(1500); mpu6050.update(); // IMU数据更新 lqr_balance_loop(); // lqr自平衡控制 yaw_loop(); // yaw轴转向控制 jump_loop(); // 跳跃动作 leg_loop(); // 腿部动作控制 // 记录上一次的遥控数据数据 wrobot.joyx_last = wrobot.joyx; wrobot.joyy_last = wrobot.joyy; motor1.target = (-0.5) * (LQR_u + YAW_output); // target正数小车向前,负数向后 motor2.target = (-0.5) * (LQR_u - YAW_output); loopCounter++; // loopCounter作用:在期初的800次循环内视为电源开通后第一次自平衡,不能进入resetToDefault()函数重置参数 // resetToDefaultCounter作用:防止小车倒地后某个角度,陷入循环,motor.target一直=0 if ((LQR_angle < -35.0f || LQR_angle > 70.0f ) && loopCounter > 800 && resetToDefaultCounter < 130) { resetZeroPoint(); resetToDefaultCounter++; motor1.target = 0; motor2.target = 0; } // 大仰角到底,轮子就不要转了 修改 if (abs(LQR_angle) > 120.0f) { motor1.target = 0; motor2.target = 0; } // 达到平衡角度后,重置重置计数器 if( abs(LQR_angle) < 25.0f){ resetToDefaultCounter = 0; } // 小车坐下 if (sitting_down) { sitting_down ++; if (sitting_down < 15) { // 如果遥感向后运动,给个向后退脉冲,让小车向前倒地 if(wrobot.joyy < 0){ motor1.target = -1.0; // 负数小车向后,正数向前 motor2.target = -1.0; Position[0] = SERVO0_MIN; // 修改 Position[1] = SERVO1_MIN; } else { // 否则默认向前倒地 给个向前脉冲 motor1.target = 1.0; // 负数小车向后,正数向前 motor2.target = 1.0; Position[0] = SERVO0_MIN + 60; // 修改 Position[1] = SERVO1_MIN - 60; } }else{ // 通过简单的开环控制前后左右 float speed_coeff = 0.02; // 速度系数:值越大,移动越快(建议0.01~0.02) motor1.target = (-0.5) * (wrobot.joyy + wrobot.joyx) * speed_coeff; motor2.target = (-0.5) * (wrobot.joyy - wrobot.joyx) * speed_coeff; } // 收缩双腿,舵机到最低位置 if (sitting_down == 5) { ACC[0] = ACC[1] = 100; Speed[0] = Speed[1] = 200; sms_sts.SyncWritePosEx(ID, 2, Position, Speed, ACC); } } // 迭代计算FOC相电压 motor1.loopFOC(); motor2.loopFOC(); // 设置轮部电机输出 motor1.move(); motor2.move(); } // loop() // lqr自平衡控制 void lqr_balance_loop() { /* motor.target 负数小车向后,正数小车向前 LQR_u 越大,电机输出的转矩越大,电机向后转,默认0-8V LQR_u = angle_control + gyro_control + distance_control + speed_control = 俯仰角度控制 + 俯仰角速度控制 + 距离控制 + 速度控制 angle_control = pid_angle( LQR_angle - angle_zeropoint) // 实际pitch角度-目标pitch角度 LQR_angle = mpu6050.getAngleY() gyro_control = pid_gyro( LQR_gyro - 0 ) // 实际角速度,目标值是零 LQR_gyro = mpu6050.getGyroY() distance_control = pid_distance( LQR_distance - distance_zeropoint) // 两个电机平均旋转弧度(实际位移量) - 位移基准零点(某一时刻LQR_distance快照) LQR_distance = (-0.5)*(motor1.shaft_angle + motor2.shaft_angle) speed_control = pid_speed(LQR_speed - speed_target_coeff * lpf_joyy(wrobot.joyy)) // 两个电机平均速度(实际速度) - 摇杆前后输入值* 系数 ,就速度差 LQR_speed = (-0.5) * (motor1.shaft_velocity + motor2.shaft_velocity) speed_target_coeff = 前进后退系数 yaw 偏航角控制 float yaw_angle_control = pid_yaw_angle(yaw_target); yaw_target = wrobot.joyx * 0.1; // 使用摇杆左右转向值 float yaw_gyro_control = pid_yaw_gyro(YAW_gyro); // yaw 轴的角速度控制 YAW_gyro = (float)mpu6050.getGyroZ(); YAW_output = yaw_angle_control + yaw_gyro_control; motor1.target = (-0.5) * (LQR_u + YAW_output); // target正数小车向前,负数向后 motor2.target = (-0.5) * (LQR_u - YAW_output); */ LQR_distance = (-0.5) * (motor1.shaft_angle + motor2.shaft_angle); // 两个电机的旋转角度(shaft_angle),单位:弧度(rad)实际位移量 LQR_speed = (-0.5) * (motor1.shaft_velocity + motor2.shaft_velocity); // 两个电机角速度(shaft_velocity),单位:弧度 / 秒(rad/s) LQR_angle = (float)mpu6050.getAngleY(); // mpu6050 pitch 角度,单位:度(°) LQR_gyro = (float)mpu6050.getGyroY(); // pitch Y轴角速度,单位:度 / 秒(°/s) angle_control = pid_angle(LQR_angle - angle_zeropoint); gyro_control = pid_gyro(LQR_gyro); // 前进后退跳跃的系数都不一样 float speed_target_coeff = 0.1; if( jump_flag ){ // 跳跃 speed_target_coeff = 0.1; }else if(wrobot.joyy > 0 ){ // 前进 speed_target_coeff = 0.18; }else if(wrobot.joyy < 0){ // 后退 speed_target_coeff = 0.11; }else{ speed_target_coeff = 0.1; } speed_control = pid_speed(LQR_speed - speed_target_coeff * lpf_joyy(wrobot.joyy)); // 最大8v // 检测轮子差速,判断轮子是否离地 unsigned long current_time = millis(); if (current_time - last_speed_record_time >= SPEED_RECORD_INTERVAL) { robot_speed_diff = LQR_speed - last_lqr_speed; if(robot_speed_diff > 18.0) // 轮子离地 { wheel_ground_flag = 0; // 轮子离地标记 // Serial.print("TAKE OFF"); // Serial.print(wheel_ground_flag); // Serial.print(",robot_speed_diff:"); // Serial.print(robot_speed_diff); // Serial.print(",jump_flag:"); // Serial.println(jump_flag); // 100 左右 } if( robot_speed_diff < -9.0) // 轮子着地 { wheel_ground_flag = 1; // 轮子着地标记 // Serial.print("LANDING:"); // Serial.print(",robot_speed_diff:"); // Serial.print(robot_speed_diff); // Serial.print(",jump_flag:"); // Serial.println(jump_flag); // 120左右 if( jump_flag ){ // 落地点作为新的位移零点 resetZeroPoint(); } } last_lqr_speed = LQR_speed; // 每隔100ms更新一次历史转速 last_speed_record_time = current_time; // 更新记录时间 } // 重置位移零点和积分情形 // 1.判断摇杆是否没有前后左右运动指令 if ((wrobot.joyx_last != 0 && wrobot.joyx == 0) || (wrobot.joyy_last != 0 && wrobot.joyy == 0)) { resetZeroPoint(); } // 2. 运动中实时重置位移零点和积分情形 if (abs(robot_speed_diff) > 10 || (abs(LQR_speed) > 15) // 这两种是启动后自平衡,速度较快 || wrobot.joyy != 0 || sitting_down ) { resetZeroPoint(); } distance_control = pid_distance(LQR_distance - distance_zeropoint); // 计算 LQR_u // 必须是在跳跃时jump_flag > 0,LQR_u= 角度控制量 + 角速度控制量 if ((jump_flag > 0 and jump_flag < 120)) // jump_flag:100离地 120着地 { LQR_u = angle_control + gyro_control; // 角度控制量 + 角速度控制,位移和速度控制分量被忽略 } else // 当轮部未离地时,LQR_u:4个参数 { // 当轮部未离地时,LQR_u =角度控制量+角速度控制量+位移控制量+速度控制量 LQR_u = angle_control + gyro_control + distance_control + speed_control; } // 小车没有控制的时候自稳定状态 // 控制量lqr_u<5V,前进后退控制量很小, 遥控器无信号输入joyy=0,轮部位移控制正常介入distance_control<4,不处于跳跃后的恢复时期jump_flag=0,以及不是坐下状态 if (abs(LQR_u) < 5 && wrobot.joyy == 0 && abs(distance_control) < 4 && (jump_flag == 0)) // && !sitting_down { LQR_u = pid_lqr_u(LQR_u); // 小转矩非线性补偿 angle_zeropoint -= pid_zeropoint(lpf_zeropoint(distance_control)); // 重心自适应 } else { pid_lqr_u.error_prev = 0; // 输出积分清零 } // 平衡控制参数自适应 if (wrobot.height < 50){ pid_speed.P = 0.7; }else if (wrobot.height < 64){ pid_speed.P = 0.6; }else{ pid_speed.P = 0.5; } } // 腿部动作控制(舵机) void leg_loop() { // 如果坐下就不控制腿部 if(sitting_down || jump_flag || jump_pre_flag ){ return; // 跳过后续leg高度计算 } // 机身大角度,譬如倒地时,强制腿部收缩 if (abs(LQR_angle) > 25.0f) { ACC[0] = ACC[1] = 100; Speed[0] = Speed[1] = 400; Position[0] = SERVO0_MIN; Position[1] = SERVO1_MIN; sms_sts.SyncWritePosEx(ID, 2, Position, Speed, ACC); return; // 跳过后续leg高度计算 } ACC[0] = ACC[1] = 100; // max 230 Speed[0] = Speed[1] = 400; float roll_angle = (float)mpu6050.getAngleX() + roll_adjust; // + 5.0 实测偏差roll角度偏差 leg_position_add = pid_roll_angle(lpf_roll(roll_angle)); // 左后腿默认等于 wrobot.height left_height = wrobot.height; right_height = wrobot.height; LegHeightDiff = 0; // 初始化 roll 角度补偿值 // 智能计算左右脚高度差, 如果同时有转向和前后指令 ,自动计算腿部高度补偿 if (abs(wrobot.joyx) > 10 && abs(wrobot.joyy) > 10) { LegHeightDiff = map(abs(wrobot.joyy), 0, 100, 0, 10); leg_position_add = 0; // 不需要两个脚一样高 } if (wrobot.joyx > 10 && abs(wrobot.joyy) > 10) { // 左脚抬高 left_height = wrobot.height + LegHeightDiff ; // Serial.print("左脚抬高"); } else if (wrobot.joyx < -10 && abs(wrobot.joyy) > 10) { // 右脚抬高 right_height = wrobot.height + LegHeightDiff; // Serial.print("右脚抬高"); } // 根据新的高度计算舵机位置 // id[0] 正面看右手,id[1] 正面看左手 // 2047是舵机中间位置,8.4是系数,32是默认高度,最高80,最低32 // const int LEG_HEIGHT_BASE 这值越小,机身越高,实测范围 0(最高),52(最低) Position[0] = 2047 + 8.4 * (left_height - leg_height_base) - leg_position_add; Position[1] = 2047 - 8.4 * (right_height - leg_height_base) - leg_position_add; // Serial.print("roll_angle:"); // Serial.print(roll_angle); // Serial.print(",Position[0]:"); // Serial.print(Position[0]); // Serial.print(",Position[1]:"); // Serial.println(Position[1]); // 限制舵机位置范围 if (Position[0] < SERVO0_MIN) // 舵机1最低 Position[0] = SERVO0_MIN; else if (Position[0] > SERVO0_MAX) // 舵机1最高 Position[0] = SERVO0_MAX; if (Position[1] > SERVO1_MIN) // 舵机2最低(和舵机1方向是反的) Position[1] = SERVO1_MIN; else if (Position[1] < SERVO1_MAX) // 舵机2最高 Position[1] = SERVO1_MAX; sms_sts.SyncWritePosEx(ID, 2, Position, Speed, ACC); } // 收缩小腿蓄能 void jump_charge() // 腿部弯曲(蓄能) { ACC[0] = 250; ACC[1] = 250; Speed[0] = 400; Speed[1] = 400; Position[0] = (SERVO0_MIN + 80); // 不能是SERVO1_MIN值,防止腿部碰撞 Position[1] = (SERVO1_MIN - 80); sms_sts.SyncWritePosEx(ID, 2, Position, Speed, ACC); } // 跳跃控制 void jump_loop() { if ((wrobot.jump == 1) && (jump_pre_flag == 0)) { jump_charge(); jump_pre_flag = 1; } if(jump_pre_flag > 0 ){ jump_pre_flag ++; } if(jump_pre_flag){ if(!sms_sts.ReadMove(ID[0]) && !sms_sts.ReadMove(ID[1])){ jump_flag = 1; jump_pre_flag = 0; // 跳跃开始 ACC[0] = 0; ACC[1] = 0; Speed[0] = 0; Speed[1] = 0; Position[0] = SERVO0_MAX + 20; // 极限距离 Position[1] = SERVO1_MAX - 20; sms_sts.SyncWritePosEx(ID, 2, Position, Speed, ACC); } } if (jump_flag > 0) // 跳跃计数; { jump_flag ++; } // 跳跃中,腿部缩起来 if( (jump_flag > 30) && (jump_flag < 35) ) { ACC[0] = 0; ACC[1] = 0; Speed[0] = 0; Speed[1] = 0; Position[0] = (SERVO0_MIN + 100); // 100 约等于食指宽度 Position[1] = (SERVO1_MIN - 100); sms_sts.SyncWritePosEx(ID, 2, Position, Speed, ACC); } // 轮子着地 if (jump_flag > 200) // 2000=6s ,1s=2000/6=333.33 { jump_flag = 0; // 跳跃过程结束 } } // yaw轴转向控制 (转向控制) void yaw_loop() { // 跳跃中,YAW_output 设为0,避免干扰左右旋转 if(jump_flag) { YAW_output = 0; return; } // 1. 根据abs(wrobot.joyx),动态设置yaw_target系数 float coeff = map( abs(wrobot.joyx), 0, 100, 10, 100) / 100.0f; coeff = constrain(coeff, 0.1f, 1.0f); float yaw_target = wrobot.joyx * coeff; // 2. 根据abs(wrobot.joyx),提高PID响应:临时放大yaw_angle_control(核心突破上限) float yaw_angle_control_coeff = 1.0f; if( wrobot.joyy == 0 && abs(wrobot.joyx) > 10){ // 原地打转 yaw_angle_control_coeff = map( abs(wrobot.joyx), 0, 100, 1.0, 2.0); // 根据转向速度,智能计算wrobot.height // abs(wrobot.joyx) 范围0到100,默认0,输出范围20-50,默认 30 // 反向映射:绝对值30→60,绝对值100→0(线性过渡) wrobot.height = map(abs(wrobot.joyx), 0, 100, 50, 30); // 强制约束输出在0~60范围内(防止异常值) wrobot.height = constrain(wrobot.height, 30, 50); // 使用低波过滤器,平滑数据 wrobot.height = lpf_height(wrobot.height); // 增加rgb效果 if(abs(wrobot.joyx) > 60){ handleLEDBlink(); } } float yaw_angle_control = pid_yaw_angle(yaw_target) * yaw_angle_control_coeff; // 限制yaw_angle_control上限,避免超压(按电机7.4V反推,设为12较合适) yaw_angle_control = constrain(yaw_angle_control, -12.0f, 12.0f); YAW_gyro = (float)mpu6050.getGyroZ(); // 左右偏航角速度,用于纠正小车前后走直线时的角度偏差 float yaw_gyro_control = pid_yaw_gyro(YAW_gyro); YAW_output = yaw_angle_control + yaw_gyro_control; } // 电压检测初始化 void adc_calibration_init() { if (esp_adc_cal_check_efuse(ESP_ADC_CAL_VAL_EFUSE_TP) == ESP_OK) { printf("eFuse Two Point: Supported\n"); } else { printf("eFuse Two Point: NOT supported\n"); } // Check Vref is burned into eFuse if (esp_adc_cal_check_efuse(ESP_ADC_CAL_VAL_EFUSE_VREF) == ESP_OK) { printf("eFuse Vref: Supported\n"); } else { printf("eFuse Vref: NOT supported\n"); } } // 电压检测 void bat_check() { if (bat_check_num > 1000) { // 电压读取 uint32_t sum = 0; sum = analogRead(BAT_PIN); uint32_t voltage = esp_adc_cal_raw_to_voltage(sum, &adc_chars); double battery = (voltage * 3.97) / 1000.0; // Serial.println(battery); // 电量显示 if (battery >= 7.8) digitalWrite(LED_BAT, HIGH); else digitalWrite(LED_BAT, LOW); bat_check_num = 0; } else bat_check_num++; } // 重置距离零点 void resetZeroPoint() { distance_zeropoint = LQR_distance; pid_lqr_u.error_prev = 0; } // 添加LED闪烁处理函数 void handleLEDBlink() { if (!isBlinking) return; unsigned long currentMillis = millis(); if (currentMillis - previousBlinkMillis >= 100) { // 每100ms切换一次状态,实现快速闪烁 previousBlinkMillis = currentMillis; if (blinkState == 0) { // LED亮 fill_solid(leds, NUM_LEDS, blinkColors[blinkCount]); FastLED.show(); blinkState = 1; } else { // LED灭 fill_solid(leds, NUM_LEDS, CRGB::Black); FastLED.show(); blinkState = 0; blinkCount++; // 检查是否完成6次闪烁 if (blinkCount >= 6) { isBlinking = false; blinkCount = 0; // 闪烁完成后保持熄灭状态 fill_solid(leds, NUM_LEDS, CRGB::Black); FastLED.show(); } } } }